Turn odometer and pump readings into real MPG, and see what a change is worth.
Fuel economy is the one operating number a driver can move day to day without asking permission. Measure across a full tank rather than a partial fill — fill, reset the odometer, drive, fill again — and run it over several tanks before concluding anything, since weather, weight and terrain all move it. The insight is how much a tenth is worth: at 120,000 miles and $5.45 diesel it is roughly $1,525, and a full mile per gallon is closer to $13,400. That is the size of prize that justifies a driver bonus scheme funded entirely by driving habits, and why fleets that measure MPG per driver almost always improve it.
The things carriers ask most about this calculation.
Fill the tank, reset the trip odometer, drive, then fill up again. Divide the miles on the trip odometer by the gallons it took to refill. Doing it over a full tank rather than a partial fill removes most of the error.
Six to seven MPG is typical for a modern loaded tractor-trailer. Above seven is strong, and below five usually points to speed, idling, aerodynamics, or a maintenance issue rather than the engine itself.
Speed. Every mile per hour above 60 costs roughly a tenth of an MPG. After that: idling, low tire pressure, aggressive acceleration, and running without aerodynamic skirts.
At 120,000 miles a year and $5.45 diesel, a tenth of an MPG is worth around $1,525. Across a five-truck fleet that is a driver bonus programme funded entirely by driving habits.

